Exam Two Study Session Bingo

Hydrophobic effect drives tails inward

heads outward.

The cell undergoes crenation and shrinks

Passive = no ATP

down gradient; Active = ATP

against gradient.

Cell recognition

signaling

adhesion.

Membrane potential collapses; swelling may occur.

Diffusion = solute movement; Osmosis = water movement; Facilitated = protein-assisted.

Shape and chemical compatibility (R groups).

★

Charged particles cannot cross hydrophobic core.

Microtubules for transport, actin for movement, intermediate for support

Autodigestion of cell.

Microtubules = transport/spindle; Actin = movement; Intermediate = structural support.

ATP hydrolysis releases energy to drive endergonic reactions.

Exergonic reaction needs enzyme for activation

Reaction is exergonic but requires enzyme to overcome activation barrier.

Adds closely packed negative charges → instability → energy release.

Plants: wall

chloroplasts

vacuole; Animals: no wall

lysosomes common.